Download Selenium Chromedriver For Mac The ChromeDriver getting started guide isn’t super helpful if you are unfamiliar with including the ChromeDriver location in your PATH environment variable. (The PATH variable helps Chrome find the downloaded ChromeDriver exe). WebDriver is an open source tool for automated testing of webapps across many browsers. It provides capabilities for navigating to web pages, user input, JavaScript execution, and more. ChromeDriver is a standalone server that implements the W3C WebDriver standard. ChromeDriver is available for Chrome on Android and Chrome on Desktop (Mac.
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WebDriver allows developers to automate Microsoft Edge by simulating user interaction. WebDriver tests and simulations differ from JavaScript unit tests in the following ways.
- Accesses functionality and information not available to JavaScript running in browsers.
- Simulates user events or OS-level events more accurately.
- Manages multiple windows, tabs, and webpages in a single test session.
- Runs multiple sessions of Microsoft Edge on a specific machine.
Relationship between WebDriver and other software
To automate Microsoft Edge with WebDriver to simulate user interaction, you need three components:
- Microsoft Edge
- Microsoft Edge Driver
- A WebDriver testing framework
The functional relationship between these components is as follows.
| Technology | Role |
|---|---|
| WebDriver | A W3C standard for a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol. This protocol allows out-of-process programs to remotely instruct the behavior of web browsers. |
| Microsoft Edge Driver | Microsoft's implementation of the WebDriver protocol specifically for Microsoft Edge. Test authors write tests that use WebDriver commands that Microsoft Edge Driver receives. Microsoft Edge Driver is then responsible for communicating that command to the browser. |
| A WebDriver testing framework | Test authors use a testing framework to write end-to-end tests and automate browsers. Provides a language-specific interface that translates your code into commands that Microsoft Edge Driver runs in Microsoft Edge (Chromium). WebDriver testing frameworks exist for all major platforms and languages. One such framework is Selenium. |
| Internet Explorer Driver | An implementation of the WebDriver protocol specifically for Internet Explorer. To run legacy end-to-end tests for Internet Explorer, we recommend using Internet Explorer Driver. |
The following sections describe how to get started with WebDriver for Microsoft Edge (Chromium).
Download Microsoft Edge Driver
To begin automating tests, use the following steps to ensure that the WebDriver version you install matches your browser version.
Find your version of Microsoft Edge.
Navigate to
edge://settings/help.
Navigate to Microsoft Edge Driver.
Navigate to Get the latest version.
Choose the build of channel that matches your version number of Microsoft Edge.
The Get the latest version section on the Microsoft Edge Driver webpage
Choose a WebDriver testing framework
After downloading Microsoft Edge Driver, the last component you must download is a WebDriver testing framework. Test authors use WebDriver testing frameworks to write end-to-end tests and automate browsers. The framework provides a language-specific interface that translates your code (such as Python, Java, C#, Ruby, or JavaScript) into commands that Microsoft Edge Driver runs in Microsoft Edge (Chromium). WebDriver testing frameworks exist for all major platforms and languages.
This article provides instructions for using the Selenium framework, but you can use any library, framework, and programming language that supports WebDriver. To accomplish the same tasks using a WebDriver testing framework other than Selenium, consult the official documentation for your framework of choice.
If you are using Selenium, the Microsoft Edge team recommends Selenium 4.0.0-beta2 or later, because that version of Selenium supports Microsoft Edge (Chromium). However, you can control Microsoft Edge (Chromium) in all older versions of Selenium, including the current stable Selenium 3 release.
Using Selenium 4
The Selenium WebDriver testing framework can be used on any platform, and is available for Java, Python, C#, Ruby, and JavaScript.
Selenium 4 has built-in support for Microsoft Edge (Chromium). To install Selenium 4, navigate to Installing Selenium libraries.
If you use Selenium 4, you don't need to use Selenium Tools for Microsoft Edge. Selenium Tools for Microsoft Edge are for Selenium 3 only. If you try to use Selenium 4 with Selenium Tools for Microsoft Edge and try to create a new EdgeDriver instance, you get the following error: System.MissingMethodException: 'Method not found: 'OpenQA.Selenium.Remote.DesiredCapabilities OpenQA.Selenium.DriverOptions.GenerateDesiredCapabilities(Boolean)'.
If you're using Selenium 4 and get this error, remove Microsoft.Edge.SeleniumTools from your project, and make sure you're using the official EdgeOptions and EdgeDriver classes from the OpenQA.Selenium.Edge namespace.
Using Selenium 3
If you already use Selenium 3, you may have existing browser tests and want to add coverage for Microsoft Edge (Chromium) without changing your version of Selenium. To use Selenium 3 to write automated tests for both Microsoft Edge (EdgeHTML) and Microsoft Edge (Chromium), install the Selenium Tools for Microsoft Edge package to use the updated driver. The EdgeDriver and EdgeDriverService classes included in the tools are fully compatible with the built-in equivalents in Selenium 4.
If you are using Selenium 3, use the following steps to add the Selenium Tools for Microsoft Edge and Selenium 3 to your project.
Add the Microsoft.Edge.SeleniumTools and Selenium.WebDriver packages to your .NET project using the NuGet CLI or Visual Studio.
Use pip to install the msedge-selenium-tools and selenium packages.
If your Java project uses Maven, copy and paste the following dependency to your pom.xml file to add msedge-selenium-tools-java.
The Java package is also available to download directly on the Selenium Tools for Microsoft Edge Releases page.
Use npm to install the edge-selenium-tools and selenium-webdriver packages.
Automate Microsoft Edge (Chromium) with WebDriver
To automate a browser using WebDriver, you must first start a WebDriver session using your preferred WebDriver testing framework. A session is a single running instance of a browser controlled using WebDriver commands. Start a WebDriver session to launch a new browser instance. The launched browser instance remains open until you close the WebDriver session.
The following content walks you through using Selenium to start a WebDriver session with Microsoft Edge (Chromium). You can run these examples using either Selenium 3 or 4. To use WebDriver with Selenium 3, the Selenium Tools for Microsoft Edge package must be installed.
Note
This article provides instructions for using the Selenium framework, but you can use any library, framework, and programming language that supports WebDriver. To accomplish the same tasks using another framework, consult the official documentation for your framework of choice.
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Automate Microsoft Edge (Chromium)
Selenium uses the EdgeDriver class to manage a Microsoft Edge (Chromium) session. To start a session and automate Microsoft Edge (Chromium), create a new EdgeDriver object and pass it an EdgeOptions object with the UseChromium property set to true.
The EdgeDriver class only supports Microsoft Edge (Chromium), and doesn't support Microsoft Edge (EdgeHTML). For basic usage, you can create an EdgeDriver without providing EdgeOptions.
Note
If your IT admin has set the DeveloperToolsAvailability policy to 2, Microsoft Edge Driver is blocked from driving Microsoft Edge (Chromium), because the driver uses the Microsoft Edge DevTools. Ensure the DeveloperToolsAvailability policy is set to 0 or 1 to automate Microsoft Edge (Chromium).
Choose Specific Browser Binaries (Chromium-Only)
You can start a WebDriver session with specific Microsoft Edge (Chromium) binaries. For example, you can run tests using the Microsoft Edge preview channels such as Microsoft Edge Beta.
Customize the Microsoft Edge Driver Service
When you use the EdgeOptions class to create an EdgeDriver class instance, it creates and launches the appropriate EdgeDriverService class for either Microsoft Edge (EdgeHTML) or Microsoft Edge (Chromium).
If you want to create an EdgeDriverService, use the CreateChromiumService() method to create one configured for Microsoft Edge (Chromium). The CreateChromiumService() method is useful when you need to add customizations. For example, the following code starts verbose log output.
Note
You do not need to provide the EdgeOptions object when you pass EdgeDriverService to the EdgeDriver instance. The EdgeDriver class uses the default options for either Microsoft Edge (EdgeHTML) or Microsoft Edge (Chromium) based on the service you provide.However, if you want to provide both EdgeDriverService and EdgeOptions classes, ensure that both are configured for the same version of Microsoft Edge. For example, you may use a default Microsoft Edge (EdgeHTML) EdgeDriverService class and Chromium properties in the EdgeOptions class. The EdgeDriver class throws an error to prevent using different versions.
When you use Python, the Edge object creates and manages the EdgeService. To configure the EdgeService, pass extra arguments to the Edge object as indicated in the following code.
Use the createDefaultService() method to create an EdgeDriverService configured for Microsoft Edge (Chromium). Use Java system properties to customize driver services in Java. For example, the following code uses the 'webdriver.edge.verboseLogging' property to turn on verbose log output.
When you use JavaScript, create and configure a Service with the ServiceBuilder class. Optionally, you can pass the Service object to the Driver object, which starts (and stops) the service for you.To configure the Service, run another method in the ServiceBuilder class before you use the build() method. Then pass the service as a parameter in the Driver.createSession() method.
Use Chromium-Specific Options
If you set the UseChromium property to true, you can use the EdgeOptions class to access the same Chromium-specific properties and methods that are used when you automate other Chromium browsers.
Note
If the UseChromium property is set to true, you are not able to use properties and methods for Microsoft Edge (EdgeHTML).
Other WebDriver installation options
Docker
If you use Docker, run the following command to download a pre-configured image with Microsoft Edge (Chromium) and Microsoft Edge Driver pre-installed.
For more information, navigate to the msedgedriver container on Docker Hub.
Testing Internet Explorer
To test sites that require Internet Explorer, use Internet Explorer Driver with Internet Explorer. Internet Explorer Driver is maintained by the Selenium project. Even though Microsoft Edge supports IE Mode, you can't use Microsoft Edge Driver with Microsoft Edge to test sites in IE Mode.
Application Guard
Trusted sites that use Microsoft Defender Application Guard (Application Guard) can be automated using Microsoft Edge Driver.
Untrusted sites that use Application Guard cannot be automated or manipulated using Microsoft Edge Driver. Application Guard launches untrusted sites in a container, and this container doesn't expose the remote debugging port that Microsoft Edge Driver needs to communicate with the site.
Your enterprise administrator defines what are trusted sites, including cloud resources and internal networks. Sites that aren't in the trusted sites list are considered untrusted. Microsoft Edge Driver can automate both InPrivate windows, and sites in the trusted sites list.
For more information about Application Guard, navigate to:
Opt out of diagnostic data collection
By default, Microsoft Edge Driver sends diagnostic data such as the status of the New Session WebDriver command to Microsoft. To turn off the diagnostic data collection for Microsoft Edge Driver, set the MSEDGEDRIVER_TELEMETRY_OPTOUT environment variable to 1. For more information about the data that Microsoft Edge Driver collects, navigate to the Microsoft Edge Privacy Whitepaper.
See also
- Selenium documentation - Information about WebDriver in the context of Selenium, and how to write automated WebDriver tests using Selenium.
Getting in touch with the Microsoft Edge DevTools team
The Microsoft Edge team is eager to hear your feedback about using WebDriver, WebDriver testing frameworks (such as Selenium), and Microsoft Edge. To send the team your questions and comments, choose the Send Feedback icon in the Microsoft Edge DevTools or send a tweet @EdgeDevTools.
In our previous article on Selenium Tutorial, you learned how to download selenium webdriver and junit jar files. In this article, we will provide the detailed steps on how you can download selenium chrome driver.
Before we start with the download process, let us try to get some basic understanding on what chrome driver is and why do we need it.
What is chrome driver?
You know that selenium is a tool that basically interacts with browsers to test your web applications. In our previous article, we had mentioned that you can use selenium webdriver to open some url on a browser and interact with webpage elements like buttons, links, text boxes etc.
But selenium cannot do all these tasks on its own. It needs some help from the browser side as well, to perform all these tasks. So, in that sense, chrome driver is what helps selenium perform these actions on Chrome browser. In more technical terms, ChromeDriver is a standalone server which implements WebDriver’s wire protocol for Chrome.
Like chrome driver, are there more standalone servers for other browsers as well?
Yes. Just like chrome driver, there are multiple other standalone servers as well. Some popular ones are GeckoDriver for firefox, EdgeDriver for Microsoft Edge, InternerExplorerDriver for IE, SafariDriver for Safari browser and so on.
You will need to use these drivers when you want to run your automation scripts on their corresponding browsers.
Why have we selected chrome driver for this tutorial and not others?
This question can be rephrased like this – Why are we using chrome browser to automate our test cases? There are two main reasons for this:
- Chrome has the highest market share worldwide. So, it makes sense to work on the browser which majority of the people are using. We have given below a comparison chart of different browsers.
- Selenium works better in Chrome than other browsers, especially Firefox. When I started working on Selenium automation in 2012 Firefox was kind of the default browser to go to when people wanted to automate test scripts. But now a lot of people prefer to use chrome to write automation scripts.
Source: StatCounter Global Stats – Browser Market Share
Let us now check out the steps to download ChromeDriver.
Steps to download ChromeDriver
Webdriver For Chrome
Follow the steps given below to download the latest version of chrome driver for selenium –
1. Open ChromeDriver download page – https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.org/chromedriver/downloads
2. This page contains all the versions of Selenium ChromeDriver. We are interested in the latest version of ChromeDriver, which is ChromeDriver 2.39 (as on 07 Jun 2018), as shown in the below image.
Chromedriver Download 64 Bit
3. Click on ChromeDriver 2.39 link. You will be navigated to ChromeDriver download page which contains ChromeDriver for Mac, Windows and Linux operating systems.
4. Click on chromedriver_win32.zip to download ChromeDriver for Windows.
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5. Once you download the zip file, unzip it to retrieve chromedriver.exe
With this, we complete the download process for ChromeDriver. In our next article, we will focus on creating a selenium project in Eclipse, where we will use this chrome driver and the jar files that we downloaded in the previous article.